Protective immune trajectories in early viral containment of non-pneumonic SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Item Type:

Article

Title:

Protective immune trajectories in early viral containment of non-pneumonic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Creators Name:

Pekayvaz, K. and Leunig, A. and Kaiser, R. and Joppich, M. and Brambs, S. and Janjic, A. and Popp, O. and Nixdorf, D. and Fumagalli, V. and Schmidt, N. and Polewka, V. and Anjum, A. and Knottenberg, V. and Eivers, L. and Wange, L.E. and Gold, C. and Kirchner, M. and Muenchhoff, M. and Hellmuth, J.C. and Scherer, C. and Rubio-Acero, R. and Eser, T. and Deák, F. and Puchinger, K. and Kuhl, N. and Linder, A. and Saar, K. and Tomas, L. and Schulz, C. and Wieser, A. and Enard, W. and Kroidl, I. and Geldmacher, C. and von Bergwelt-Baildon, M. and Keppler, O.T. and Munschauer, M. and Iannacone, M. and Zimmer, R. and Mertins, P. and Hubner, N. and Hoelscher, M. and Massberg, S. and Stark, K. and Nicolai, L.

Abstract:

The antiviral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection can limit viral spread and prevent development of pneumonic COVID-19. However, the protective immunological response associated with successful viral containment in the upper airways remains unclear. Here, we combine a multi-omics approach with longitudinal sampling to reveal temporally resolved protective immune signatures in non-pneumonic and ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and associate specific immune trajectories with upper airway viral containment. We see a distinct systemic rather than local immune state associated with viral containment, characterized by interferon stimulated gene (ISG) upregulation across circulating immune cell subsets in non-pneumonic SARS-CoV2 infection. We report reduced cytotoxic potential of Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, and an immune-modulatory monocyte phenotype associated with protective immunity in COVID-19. Together, we show protective immune trajectories in SARS-CoV2 infection, which have important implications for patient prognosis and the development of immunomodulatory therapies.

Keywords:

Ambulatory Care, COVID-19, Cytokines, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Interferons, Natural Killer Cells, Longitudinal Studies, Monocytes, Nasopharynx, SARS-CoV-2, T-Lymphocytes / Immunology

Source:

Nature Communications

ISSN:

2041-1723

Publisher:

Nature Publishing Group

Volume:

Number:

Page Range:

1018

Date:

23 February 2022