SMASHing regulatory sites in DNA by human-mouse sequence comparisons

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	SMASHing regulatory sites in DNA by human-mouse sequence comparisons
Creators Name:	Zavolan, M., Rajewsky, N., Socci, N.D. and Gaasterlamd, T.
Abstract:	Regulatory sequence elements provide important clues to understanding and predicting gene expression. Although the binding sites for hundreds of transcription factors are known, there has been no systematic attempt to incorporate this information in the annotation of the human genome. Cross species sequence comparisons are critical to a meaningful annotation of regulatory elements since they generally reside in conserved non-coding regions. To take advantage of the recently completed drafts of the mouse and human genomes for annotating transcription factor binding sites, we developed SMASH, a computational pipeline that identifies thousands of orthologous human/ mouse proteins, maps them to genomic sequences, extracts and compares upstream regions and annotates putative regulatory elements in conserved, non-coding, upstream regions. Our current dataset consists of approximately 2,500 human/mouse gene pairs. Transcription start sites were estimated by mapping quasi-full length cDNA sequences. SMASH uses a novel probabilistic method to identify putative conserved binding sites that takes into account the competition between transcription factors for binding DNA. SMASH presents the results via a genome browser web interface which displays the predicted regulatory information together with the current annotations for the human genome. Our results are validated by comparison to previously published experimental data. SMASH results compare favorably to other existing computational approaches.
Keywords:	Algorithms, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Conserved Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences, Sequence Alignment, DNA Sequence Analysis, Nucleic Acid Sequence Homology, Software, Species Specificity, User-Computer Interface, Animals, Mice
Source:	Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics Conference
ISSN:	1555-3930
Publisher:	IEEE Computer Society Press
Volume:	2
Page Range:	277-286
Date:	2003
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1109/CSB.2003.1227328
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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