Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors, and vascular inflammation

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors, and vascular inflammation
Creators Name:	Fiebeler, A., Mueller, D.N., Shagdarsuren, E. and Luft, F.C.
Abstract:	Purpose of Review: Aldosterone and its mineralocorticoid receptor represent an ancient signaling system. Indeed, the mineralocorticoid receptor is older than its agonist. Both have probably served various functions through the eons and salt preservation may be relatively recent. A large body of evidence suggests that aldosterone conducts signaling in vascular cells and contributes substantially to vascular remodeling and target organ damage. A blood pressure and salt balance-independent effect was first observed in two large heart failure trials. Recent Findings: Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade has now been shown to reduce proteinuria even in the face of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade effectively reduces target organ damage in every hypertensive model tested, irrespective of circulating renin and aldosterone levels. Protection is also observed in nonhypertensive diabetic and hyperlipidemic models. Signaling in vascular cells involves primarily the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway with participation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Novel signaling molecules have been shown to participate in aldosterone-mediated actions including the murine double-minute type 2 protein that participates in antiapoptotic and proliferative effects. Clinically, mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor have shed additional light on its importance. Summary: A resurgence of interest in aldosterone reflects its importance and clinical relevance for vascular remodeling and target organ damage.
Keywords:	Aldosterone, Angiotensin, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Reactive oxygen species, Renin, Target-organ damage, Animals, Mice, Rats
Source:	Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
ISSN:	1062-4821
Publisher:	Wolters Kluwer
Volume:	16
Number:	2
Page Range:	134-142
Date:	March 2007
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0b013e32801245bb
External Fulltext:	View full text on external repository or document server
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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