Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome
Creators Name:	Mikkelsen, T.S., Hillier, L.W., Eichler, E.E., Zody, M.C., Jaffe, D.B., Yang, S.P., Enard, W., Hellmann, I., Lindblad-Toh, K., Altheide, T.K., Archidiacono, N., Bork, P., Butler, J., Chang, J.L., Cheng, Z., Chinwalla, A.T., de Jong, P., Delehaunty, K.D., Fronick, C.C., Fulton, L.L., Gilad, Y., Glusman, G., Gnerre, S., Graves, T.A., Hayakawa, T., Hayden, K.E., Huang, X.Q., Ji, H.K., Kent, W.J., King, M.C., Kulbokas, E.J., Lee, M.K., Liu, G., Lopez-Otin, C., Makova, K.D., Man, O., Mardis, E.R., Mauceli, E., Miner, T.L., Nash, W.E., Nelson, J.O., Paeaebo, S., Patterson, N.J., Pohl, C.S., Pollard, K.S., Pruefer, K., Puente, X.S., Reich, D., Rocchi, M., Rosenbloom, K., Ruvolo, M., Richter, D.J., Schaffner, S.F., Smit, A.F.A., Smith, S.M., Suyama, M., Taylor, J., Torrents, D., Tuzun, E., Varki, A., Velasco, G., Ventura, M., Wallis, J.W., Wendl, M.C., Wilson, R.K., Lander, E.S. and Waterston, R.H.
Abstract:	Here we present a draft genome sequence of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Through comparison with the human genome, we have generated a largely complete catalogue of the genetic differences that have accumulated since the human and chimpanzee species diverged from our common ancestor, constituting approximately thirty-five million single-nucleotide changes, five million insertion/deletion events, and various chromosomal rearrangements. We use this catalogue to explore the magnitude and regional variation of mutational forces shaping these two genomes, and the strength of positive and negative selection acting on their genes. In particular, we find that the patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated and dominated by the fixation of neutral and slightly deleterious alleles. We also use the chimpanzee genome as an outgroup to investigate human population genetics and identify signatures of selective sweeps in recent human evolution.
Keywords:	Alleles, Alu Elements, Base Composition, Computational Biology, DNA Transposable Elements, Disease, Molecular Evolution, Human Genome, Genomics, Mutagenesis, Pan Troglodytes, Phylogeny, Genetic Polymorphism, Genetic Recombination, DNA Sequence Analysis, Telomere, Time Factors, Animals
Source:	Nature
ISSN:	0028-0836
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
Volume:	437
Number:	7055
Page Range:	69-87
Date:	1 September 2005
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04072
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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