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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Functional microbiome shifts are associated with neuroinflammatory outcomes under dietary interventions in multiple sclerosis |
| Creators: |
Gutmann, Friederike  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-2270, Bahr, Lina Samira ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-8639, Brüning, Ulrike ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-4032, Jarquín-Díaz, Víctor Hugo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-1091, Markó, Lajos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-5575, Weygandt, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-4582, Rust, Rebekka ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9600-7342, Bellmann-Strobl, Judith ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2615-1643, Paul, Friedemann ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-0070, Forslund-Startceva, Sofia Kirke ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-6993 and Kirwan, Jennifer A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-1651
|
| Abstract: | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. While disease-modifying therapies can reduce relapse rates, their limitations have spurred interest in adjunctive approaches such as fasting and ketogenic diets (FD, KD). In a randomized controlled trial, participants with relapsing–remitting MS followed FD, KD, or a control diet for 9 months, with multi-omic and clinical assessments. Our secondary analysis revealed that KD was associated with distinct gut microbial functional profiles, including enrichment of carbohydrate metabolism modules that co-occurred with lower T2 lesion volume. Stool propionate levels, however, did not correspond to the abundance of the annotated propionate production II module. Key contributors included Romboutsia timonensis , Roseburia intestinalis , and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron . These microbial changes coincided with diet-associated changes in circulating tryptophan and indole metabolites, suggesting a system-level co-occurrence of changes along the gut-brain axis. We present evidence that KD is associated with coordinated tryptophan-related metabolite changes and species-specific functional differences alongside T2 lesion metrics. These exploratory associations warrant validation and mechanistic investigation. Registry ClinicalTrials.gov, TRN: NCT03508414, Registration date: 25 April 2018. |
| Keywords: | Multiple Sclerosis, Ketogenic Diet, Fasting Diet, Microbiome, Metabolomics, Gut-Brain Axis |
| Source: | Scientific Reports |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Publisher: | Springer Nature |
| Volume: | 16 |
| Number: | 1 |
| Page Range: | 30701 |
| Date: | 3 October 2026 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73464-0 |
| Related to: |
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