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Modelling cardiovascular diseases using human microphysiological systems

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Item Type:Review
Title:Modelling cardiovascular diseases using human microphysiological systems
Creators Name:Ribeiro, Quélia Ribeiro, Lopes, Elizeth, Ferreira, Inês S., Guerreiro Simões, Catarina, Vital, Carlos Miguel, Inácio, José Manuel, Belo, José António, Rybak-Wolf, Agnieszka, Marques, André R.A. and Vieira, Otília V.
Abstract:Despite pharmacological-, technological- and medical- advances, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of death and disability in the world. This underscores the urgent need to better understand the early stages of these diseases for effective prevention, as well as to develop patient-specific pharmacological approaches (personalized medicine) and novel therapies. Traditional in vitro and in vivo models often fail to accurately mimic human physiology, limiting their translational potential. In this context, microphysiological systems (MPS) have emerged as advanced in vitro platforms that integrate key physiological features of cardiovascular tissues. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art advancements in in vitro models for studying CVDs, with a particular focus on emerging 3D cardiac and vascular models. These models serve as essential tools for disease modelling, drug development, and toxicity testing. Key parameters to consider when developing cardiovascular MPS are highlighted, along with a discussion of the advantages and challenges associated with each model system.
Keywords:Cardiovascular Disease Modelling, 3D Cell Culture, Spheroids, Organoids, Organ-on-Chip, Bioprinting, Model Development Parameters
Source:BioChip Journal
ISSN:1976-0280
Publisher:Springer Nature
Date:9 February 2026
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-025-00247-6

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