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Single-stranded HDR templates with truncated Cas12a-binding sequences improve knock-in efficiencies in primary human T cells

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Item Type:Article
Title:Single-stranded HDR templates with truncated Cas12a-binding sequences improve knock-in efficiencies in primary human T cells
Creators Name:Nitulescu, A.M., Du, W., Glaser, V., Kath, J., Aird, E.J., Cullot, G., Greensmith, R., Mikkelsen, N.S., Stein, M., Bak, R.O., Kaminski, M., Corn, J.E. and Wagner, D.L.
Abstract:CRISPR-Cas12a gene editing offers an alternative to Cas9-based methods, providing better targeting of AT-rich regions, simplified guide RNA manufacturing, and high specificity. However, the efficacy of donor-based editing is subject to various factors, with template format playing a crucial role. Currently, the predominant non-viral template format for homology-directed repair (HDR) after nuclease-induced DNA breaks is double-stranded DNA, which is toxic when transfected at high doses. Others have demonstrated that using single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with flanking double-stranded Cas-target-sequences (CTS) as a template for Cas9-mediated gene editing can mitigate this toxicity and increase knock-in efficiency. Here, we investigate CTS design for AsCas12a Ultra by exploring PAM orientation and binding requirements. Additionally, we rule out ssDNase activity of AsCas12a under cell-physiological Mg2(+) conditions. Finally, we showcase the advantage of ssDNA donors with CTS (ssCTS) at high doses for delivering clinically relevant transgenes of varying sizes into three TCR-CD3 complex genes (TRAC, CD3ζ, CD3ε), achieving up to 90% knock-in rates for a 0.8kb-insert at the CD3ε locus. Long-read sequencing confirmed higher HDR rates and revealed that CTS reduced partial integration events compared to unmodified ssDNA. Overall, AsCas12a and ssCTS represent a platform for highly efficient knock-in in primary human T cells with minimal toxicity.
Keywords:MT, RNA/DNA Editing, Gene Editing, CRISPR-Cas12a, Non-Viral, Electroporation, SsDNA, HDR, CAR-T Cells, Cas-Target-Sequences, AsCas12a
Source:Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids
ISSN:2162-2531
Publisher:Cell Press / Elsevier
Volume:36
Number:2
Page Range:102568
Number of Pages:1
Date:10 June 2025
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102568

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