Quantification of multi-compartment flow with spectral diffusion MRI

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Item Type:	Preprint
Title:	Quantification of multi-compartment flow with spectral diffusion MRI
Creators Name:	Liu, M.M., Dyke, J., Gladytz, T., Jasse, J., Bolger, I., Calle, S., Pavaluri, S., Crews, T., Seshan, S., Salvatore, S., Stillman, I., Muthukuma, T., Taouli, B., Farouk, S., Lewis, S. and Bane, O.
Abstract:	PURPOSE: Estimation of multi-compartment intravoxel ‘flow’ in fD in ml/100g/min with multi-bvalue diffusion weighted imaging and a multi-Gaussian model in the kidneys. THEORY AND METHODS: A multi-Gaussian model of intravoxel flow using water transport time to quantify fD (ml/100g/min) is presented and simulated. Multi-compartment anisotropic DWI signal is simulated with Rician noise and SNR=50 and analyzed with a rigid bi-exponential, a rigid tri-exponential and diffusion spectrum imaging model of intravoxel incoherent motion (spectral diffusion) to study extraction of multi-compartment flow. The regularization parameter for spectral diffusion is varied to study the impact on the resulting spectrum and computation speed. The application is demonstrated in a two-center study of 54 kidney allografts with 9 b-value advanced DWI that were split by function (CKD-EPI 2021 eGFR<45ml/min/1.73m(2)) and fibrosis (Banff 2017 interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy score 0-6) to demonstrate multi-compartment flow of various kidney pathologies. RESULTS: Simulation of anisotropic multi-compartment flow from spectral diffusion demonstrated strong correlation to truth for both three-compartment anisotropic diffusion (y = 1.08x + 0.1, R(2) =0.71) and two-compartment anisotropic diffusion (y = 0.91+0.6,R(2) = 0.74), outperforming rigid models in cases of variable compartment number. Use of a fixed regularization parameter set to λ =0.1 increased computation up to 208-fold and agreed with voxel-wise crossvalidated regularization (concordance correlation coefficient=0.99). Spectral diffusion of renal allografts showed decreasing trend of tubular and vascular flow with higher levels of fibrosis, and significant increase in tissue parenchyma flow (f-stat=3.86, p=0.02). Tubular fD was significantly decreased in allografts with impaired function (eGFR<45ml/min/1.73m(2))(Mann-Whitney U t-stat=-2.14, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative multi-compartment intravoxel ‘flow’ can be estimated in ml/100g/min with fD from multi-Gaussian diffusion with water transport time, even with moderate anisotropy such as in kidneys. The use of spectral diffusion with a multi-Gaussian model and a fixed regularization parameter is particularly promising in organs such as the kidney with variable numbers of physiologic compartments.
Source:	arXiv
Publisher:	Cornell University
Article Number:	2408.06427
Date:	12 August 2024
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.06427
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