Likelihood of post-COVID condition in people with hybrid immunity; data from the German National Cohort (NAKO)

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Likelihood of post-COVID condition in people with hybrid immunity; data from the German National Cohort (NAKO)
Creators Name:	Mikolajczyk, R., Diexer, S., Klee, B., Pfrommer, L., Purschke, O., Fricke, J., Ahnert, P., Gabrysch, S., Gottschick, C., Bohn, B., Brenner, H., Buck, C., Castell, S., Gastell, S., Greiser, K.H., Harth, V., Heise, J.K., Holleczek, B., Kaaks, R., Keil, T., Krist, L., Leitzmann, M., Lieb, W., Meinke-Franze, Cl., Michels, K.B., Moreno Velásquez, I., Obi, N., Panreck, L., Peters, A., Pischon, T., Schikowski, T., Schmidt, B., Standl, M., Stang, A., Völzke, H., Weber, A., Zeeb, H. and Karch, A.
Abstract:	OBJECTIVES: The risk of Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) under hybrid immunity remains unclear. METHODS: Using data from the German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie), we investigated risk factors for self-reported post-infection symptoms (any PCC is defined as having at least one symptom, and high symptom burden PCC as having nine or more symptoms). RESULTS: Sixty percent of 109,707 participants reported at least one previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; 35% reported having had any symptoms 4-12 months after infection; among them 23% reported nine or more symptoms. Individuals, who did not develop PCC after their first infection, had a strongly reduced risk for PCC after their second infection (50%) and a temporary risk reduction, which waned over nine months after the preceding infection. The risk of developing PCC strongly depended on the virus variant. Within variants, there was no effect of the number of preceding vaccinations, apart from a strong protection by the fourth vaccination compared to three vaccinations for the Omicron variant (odds ratio=0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Previous infections without PCC and a fourth vaccination were associated with a lower risk of PCC after a new infection, indicating diminished risk under hybrid immunity. The two components of risk reduction after a preceding infection suggest different immunological mechanisms.
Keywords:	SARS-CoV-2, Post-COVID-19 Condition, Reinfection, Hybrid Immunity, Vaccination
Source:	Journal of Infection
ISSN:	0163-4453
Publisher:	Elsevier
Page Range:	106206
Date:	2024
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106206
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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