Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation
Creators Name:	Reinke, A., Tizabi, M.D., Baumgartner, M., Eisenmann, M., Heckmann-Nötzel, D., Kavur, A.E., Rädsch, T., Sudre, C.H., Acion, L., Antonelli, M., Arbel, T., Bakas, S., Benis, A., Buettner, F., Cardoso, M.J., Cheplygina, V., Chen, J., Christodoulou, E., Cimini, B.A., Farahani, K., Ferrer, L., Galdran, A., van Ginneken, B., Glocker, B., Godau, P., Hashimoto, D.A., Hoffman, M.M., Huisman, M., Isensee, F., Jannin, P., Kahn, C.E., Kainmueller, D., Kainz, B., Karargyris, A., Kleesiek, J., Kofler, F., Kooi, T., Kopp-Schneider, A., Kozubek, M., Kreshuk, A., Kurc, T., Landman, B.A., Litjens, G., Madani, A., Maier-Hein, K., Martel, A.L., Meijering, E., Menze, B., Moons, K.G.M., Müller, H., Nichyporuk, B., Nickel, F., Petersen, J., Rafelski, S.M., Rajpoot, N., Reyes, M., Riegler, M.A., Rieke, N., Saez-Rodriguez, J., Sánchez, C.I., Shetty, S., Summers, R.M., Taha, A.A., Tiulpin, A., Tsaftaris, S.A., Van Calster, B., Varoquaux, G., Yaniv, Z.R., Jäger, P.F. and Maier-Hein, L.
Abstract:	Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that, particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. Although taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multistage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides a reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. Although focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation.
Keywords:	Cancer, Education, Medical Research, Artificial Intelligence
Source:	Nature Methods
ISSN:	1548-7091
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
Volume:	21
Number:	2
Page Range:	182–194
Date:	February 2024
Additional Information:	Copyright © Springer Nature America, Inc. 2024
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-02150-0
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