Rat cytomegalovirus efficiently replicates in dendritic cells and induces changes in their transcriptional profile

Madela-Mönchinger, J.C.; Wolf, S.A.; Wyler, E.; Bauer, A.; Mischke, M.; Möller, L.; Juranić Lisnić, V.; Landthaler, M.; Malyshkina, A.; Voigt, S.

Rat cytomegalovirus efficiently replicates in dendritic cells and induces changes in their transcriptional profile

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Rat cytomegalovirus efficiently replicates in dendritic cells and induces changes in their transcriptional profile
Creators Name:	Madela-Mönchinger, J.C., Wolf, S.A., Wyler, E., Bauer, A., Mischke, M., Möller, L., Juranić Lisnić, V., Landthaler, M., Malyshkina, A. and Voigt, S.
Abstract:	Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in generating and maintaining antiviral immunity. While DC are implicated in the antiviral defense by inducing T cell responses, they can also become infected by Cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV is not only highly species-specific but also specialized in evading immune protection, and this specialization is in part due to characteristic genes encoded by a given virus. Here, we investigated whether rat CMV can infect XCR1(+) DC and if infection of DC alters expression of cell surface markers and migration behavior. We demonstrate that wild-type RCMV and a mutant virus lacking the γ-chemokine ligand xcl1 (Δvxcl1 RCMV) infect splenic rat DC ex vivo and identify viral assembly compartments. Replication-competent RCMV reduced XCR1 and MHCII surface expression. Further, gene expression of infected DC was analyzed by bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). RCMV infection reverted a state of DC activation that was induced by DC cultivation. On the functional level, we observed impaired chemotactic activity of infected XCR1(+) DC compared to mock-treated cells. We therefore speculate that as a result of RCMV infection, DC exhibit diminished XCR1 expression and are thereby blocked from the lymphocyte crosstalk.
Keywords:	Cytomegalovirus, Dendritic Cells, Transcriptome, Chemokines, XCL1, XCR1, Animals, Rats
Source:	Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:	1664-3224
Publisher:	Frontiers Media SA
Volume:	14
Page Range:	1192057
Date:	23 November 2023
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192057
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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