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| Item Type: | Review |
|---|---|
| Title: | Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload |
| Creators Name: | Wortham, M. and Sander, M. |
| Abstract: | Insulin secretion must be tightly coupled to nutritional state to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. To this end, pancreatic β-cells sense and respond to changes in metabolic conditions, thereby anticipating insulin demands for a given physiological context. This is achieved in part through adjustments of nutrient metabolism, which is controlled at several levels including allosteric regulation, post-translational modifications, and altered expression of metabolic enzymes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of β-cell metabolic and functional adaptation in the context of two physiological states that alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: fasting and insulin resistance. We review current knowledge of metabolic changes that occur in the β-cell during adaptation and specifically discuss transcriptional mechanisms that underlie β-cell adaptation. A more comprehensive understanding of how β-cells adapt to changes in nutrient state could identify mechanisms to be co-opted for therapeutically modulating insulin secretion in metabolic disease. |
| Keywords: | ß-Cell, Adaptation, Fasting, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, Metabolism, Transcription, Animals |
| Source: | Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism |
| ISSN: | 1463-1326 |
| Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell |
| Volume: | 18 |
| Number: | Suppl 1 |
| Page Range: | 78-86 |
| Date: | September 2016 |
| Additional Information: | Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12729 |
| External Fulltext: | View full text on PubMed Central |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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