Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload
Creators Name:	Wortham, M. and Sander, M.
Abstract:	Insulin secretion must be tightly coupled to nutritional state to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. To this end, pancreatic β-cells sense and respond to changes in metabolic conditions, thereby anticipating insulin demands for a given physiological context. This is achieved in part through adjustments of nutrient metabolism, which is controlled at several levels including allosteric regulation, post-translational modifications, and altered expression of metabolic enzymes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of β-cell metabolic and functional adaptation in the context of two physiological states that alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: fasting and insulin resistance. We review current knowledge of metabolic changes that occur in the β-cell during adaptation and specifically discuss transcriptional mechanisms that underlie β-cell adaptation. A more comprehensive understanding of how β-cells adapt to changes in nutrient state could identify mechanisms to be co-opted for therapeutically modulating insulin secretion in metabolic disease.
Keywords:	ß-Cell, Adaptation, Fasting, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, Metabolism, Transcription, Animals
Source:	Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism
ISSN:	1463-1326
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell
Volume:	18
Number:	Suppl 1
Page Range:	78-86
Date:	September 2016
Additional Information:	Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12729
External Fulltext:	View full text on PubMed Central
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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