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Interrogating islets in health and disease with single-cell technologies

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Item Type:Review
Title:Interrogating islets in health and disease with single-cell technologies
Creators Name:Carrano, A.C., Mulas, F., Zeng, C. and Sander, M.
Abstract:BACKGROUND: Blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by the coordinated actions of hormone-producing endocrine cells that reside in pancreatic islets. Islet cell malfunction underlies diabetes development and progression. Due to the cellular heterogeneity within islets, it has been challenging to uncover how specific islet cells contribute to glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell technologies and computational methods have opened up new avenues to resolve islet heterogeneity and study islet cell states in health and disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In the past year, a multitude of studies have been published that used single-cell approaches to interrogate the transcriptome and proteome of the different islet cell types. Here, we summarize the conclusions of these studies, as well as discuss the technologies used and the challenges faced with computational analysis of single-cell data from islet studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: By analyzing single islet cells from rodents and humans at different ages and disease states, the studies reviewed here have provided new insight into endocrine cell function and facilitated a high resolution molecular characterization of poorly understood processes, including regeneration, maturation, and diabetes pathogenesis. Gene expression programs and pathways identified in these studies pave the way for the discovery of new targets and approaches to prevent, monitor, and treat diabetes.
Keywords:Pancreatic Islet, Endocrine Cell, Single-Cell, Heterogeneity, Heterogeneity, Type 2 Diabetes, RNA-seq, Animals
Source:Molecular Metabolism
ISSN:2212-8778
Publisher:Elsevier
Volume:6
Number:9
Page Range:991-1001
Date:September 2017
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.012
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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