Hyponatriämie in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin [Hyponatremia in emergency and critical care medicine]

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Hyponatriämie in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin [Hyponatremia in emergency and critical care medicine]
Creators Name:	Zickler, D. and Schmidt-Ott, K.M.
Abstract:	A diagnosis of hyponatremia is common and relevant among hospitalized patients, particularly in the intensive care unit. The etiology of hyponatremia includes an excess intake of electrolyte-free water, a reduction of the effective circulating blood volume or a situation of inadequately elevated vasopressin activity. Hyponatremia requires a timely and systematic management, which addresses the correction of hyponatremia and the identification of the etiology. Central goals of acute management include avoidance of hyponatremia-induced cerebral edema and the identification of causal factors contributing to hyponatremia development. Patients with severe symptomatic forms of chronic hyponatremia pose a particular challenge as a rapid correction of hyponatremia is important to avoid progressive cerebral edema but an excessive rise in serum sodium concentration may cause osmotic demyelination. This article provides a concise review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hyponatremia and proposes an approach that is based on the recent literature and clinical guidelines.
Keywords:	Serum Sodium, Brain Edema, Osmotic Demyelination, Inappropriate ADH Syndrome, Free Water Clearance
Source:	Nephrologe
ISSN:	1862-040X
Publisher:	Springer
Volume:	14
Number:	6
Page Range:	422-430
Date:	November 2019
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-019-00380-y

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