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| Item Type: | Review |
|---|---|
| Title: | Hyponatriämie in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin [Hyponatremia in emergency and critical care medicine] |
| Creators Name: | Zickler, D. and Schmidt-Ott, K.M. |
| Abstract: | A diagnosis of hyponatremia is common and relevant among hospitalized patients, particularly in the intensive care unit. The etiology of hyponatremia includes an excess intake of electrolyte-free water, a reduction of the effective circulating blood volume or a situation of inadequately elevated vasopressin activity. Hyponatremia requires a timely and systematic management, which addresses the correction of hyponatremia and the identification of the etiology. Central goals of acute management include avoidance of hyponatremia-induced cerebral edema and the identification of causal factors contributing to hyponatremia development. Patients with severe symptomatic forms of chronic hyponatremia pose a particular challenge as a rapid correction of hyponatremia is important to avoid progressive cerebral edema but an excessive rise in serum sodium concentration may cause osmotic demyelination. This article provides a concise review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hyponatremia and proposes an approach that is based on the recent literature and clinical guidelines. |
| Keywords: | Serum Sodium, Brain Edema, Osmotic Demyelination, Inappropriate ADH Syndrome, Free Water Clearance |
| Source: | Nephrologe |
| ISSN: | 1862-040X |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Volume: | 14 |
| Number: | 6 |
| Page Range: | 422-430 |
| Date: | November 2019 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-019-00380-y |
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