Amorfrutin B is an efficient natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist with potent glucose-lowering properties

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Amorfrutin B is an efficient natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist with potent glucose-lowering properties
Creators Name:	Weidner, C., Wowro, S.J., Freiwald, A., Kawamoto, K., Witzke, A., Kliem, M., Siems, K., Müller-Kuhrt, L., Schroeder, F.C. and Sauer, S.
Abstract:	Aims/hypothesis: The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important gene regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism. Unfortunately, PPARγ-activating drugs of the thiazolidinedione class provoke adverse side effects. As recently shown, amorfrutin A1 is a natural glucose-lowering compound that selectively modulates PPARγ. In this study we aimed to characterise, in vitro, a large spectrum of the amorfrutins and similar molecules, which we isolated from various plants. We further studied in vivo the glucose-lowering effects of the so far undescribed amorfrutin B, which featured the most striking PPARγ-binding and pharmacological properties of this family of plant metabolites. Methods: Amorfrutins were investigated in vitro by binding and cofactor recruitment assays and by transcriptional activation assays in primary human adipocytes and murine preosteoblasts, as well as in vivo using insulin-resistant high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice treated for 27 days with 100 mg kg−1 day−1 amorfrutin B. Results: Amorfrutin B showed low nanomolar binding affinity to PPARγ, and micromolar binding to the isotypes PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Amorfrutin B selectively modulated PPARγ activity at low nanomolar concentrations. In insulin-resistant mice, amorfrutin B considerably improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and blood lipid variables after several days of treatment. Amorfrutin B treatment did not induce weight gain and furthermore showed liver-protecting properties. Additionally, amorfrutins had no adverse effects on osteoblastogenesis and fluid retention. Conclusions/interpretation: The application of plant-derived amorfrutins or synthetic analogues thereof constitutes a promising approach to prevent or treat complex metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
Keywords:	Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Natural Product, Nutraceutical, Obesity, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Animals, Mice
Source:	Diabetologia
ISSN:	0012-186X
Volume:	56
Number:	8
Page Range:	1802-1812
Date:	August 2013
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-2920-2
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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