Proton electrochemical gradient: driving and regulating neurotransmitter uptake

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Proton electrochemical gradient: driving and regulating neurotransmitter uptake
Creators Name:	Farsi, Z., Jahn, R. and Woehler, A.
Abstract:	Accumulation of neurotransmitters in the lumen of synaptic vesicles (SVs) relies on the activity of the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase. This pump drives protons into the lumen, generating a proton electrochemical gradient (Δμ H+) across the membrane. Recent work has demonstrated that the balance between the chemical (ΔpH) and electrical (ΔΨ) components of ΔμH+ is regulated differently by some distinct vesicle types. As different neurotransmitter transporters use ΔpH and ΔΨ with different relative efficiencies, regulation of this gradient balance has the potential to influence neurotransmitter uptake. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this regulation remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of current neurotransmitter uptake models, with a particular emphasis on the distinct roles of the electrical and chemical gradients and current hypotheses for regulatory mechanisms.
Keywords:	Buffering Capacity, Ion-Proton Exchangers, Neurotransmitter Uptake, Proton Electrochemical Gradient, Proton Pump, Vesicular Transporters, Animals
Source:	BioEssays
ISSN:	0265-9247
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell
Volume:	39
Number:	5
Page Range:	1600240
Date:	May 2017
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201600240
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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