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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Reduced tonic inhibition in striatal output neurons from Huntington mice due to loss of astrocytic GABA release through GAT-3 |
| Creators Name: | Wojtowicz, A.M., Dvorzhak, A., Semtner, M. and Grantyn, R. |
| Abstract: | The extracellular concentration of the two main neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA is low but not negligible which enables a number of tonic actions. The effects of ambient GABA vary in a region-, cell-type, and age-dependent manner and can serve as indicators of disease-related alterations. Here we explored the tonic inhibitory actions of GABA in Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. Whole cell patch clamp recordings from striatal output neurons (SONs) in slices from adult wild type mice and two mouse models of HD (Z_Q175_KI homozygotes or R6/2 heterozygotes) revealed an HD-related reduction of the GABA(A) receptor-mediated tonic chloride current (ITonic(GABA)) along with signs of reduced GABA(B) receptor-mediated presynaptic depression of synaptic GABA release. About half of ITonic(GABA) depended on tetrodotoxin-sensitive synaptic GABA release, but the remaining current was still lower in HD. Both in WT and HD, ITonic(GABA) was more prominent during the first 4 h after preparing the slices, when astrocytes but not neurons exhibited a transient depolarization. All further tests were performed within 1-4 h in vitro. Experiments with SNAP5114, a blocker of the astrocytic GABA transporter GAT-3, suggest that in WT but not HD GAT-3 operated in the releasing mode. Application of a transportable substrate for glutamate transporters (D-aspartate 0.1-1 mM) restored the non-synaptic GABA release in slices from HD mice. ITonic(GABA) was also rescued by applying the hyperagonist gaboxadol (0.33 {Mu}M). The results lead to the hypothesis that lesion-induced astrocyte depolarization facilitates non-synaptic release of GABA through GAT-3. However, the capacity of depolarized astrocytes to provide GABA for tonic inhibition is strongly reduced in HD. |
| Keywords: | GABAergic Synaptic Transmission, Astrocyte, GAT-3, Ambient GABA, GABA(A) Receptor, GABA(B) Receptor, Presynaptic Depression, Huntington's Disease, Animals, Mice |
| Source: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| ISSN: | 1662-5110 |
| Publisher: | Frontiers Media SA |
| Volume: | 7 |
| Page Range: | 188 |
| Date: | 26 November 2013 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2013.00188 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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