Unique functions of repetitive transcriptomes

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Unique functions of repetitive transcriptomes
Creators Name:	Schumann, G.G., Gogvadze, E.V., Osanai-Futahashi, M., Kuroki, A., Muenk, C., Fujiwara, H., Ivics, Z. and Buzdin, A.A.
Abstract:	Repetitive sequences occupy a huge fraction of essentially every eukaryotic genome. Repetitive sequences cover more than 50% of mammalian genomic DNAs, whereas gene exons and protein-coding sequences occupy only ~3% and 1%, respectively. Numerous genomic repeats include genes themselves. They generally encode "selfish" proteins necessary for the proliferation of transposable elements (TEs) in the host genome. The major part of evolutionary "older" TEs accumulated mutations over time and fails to encode functional proteins. However, repeats have important functions also on the RNA level. Repetitive transcripts may serve as multifunctional RNAs by participating in the antisense regulation of gene activity and by competing with the host-encoded transcripts for cellular factors. In addition, genomic repeats include regulatory sequences like promoters, enhancers, splice sites, polyadenylation signals, and insulators, which actively reshape cellular transcriptomes. TE expression is tightly controlled by the host cells, and some mechanisms of this regulation were recently decoded. Finally, capacity of TEs to proliferate in the host genome led to the development of multiple biotechnological applications.
Keywords:	Repetitive Sequences, Transposable Elements, Retrotransposons, APOBEC 3 Proteins, RNA Interference, Gene Delivery, Genome Evolution, Animals
Source:	International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
ISSN:	1937-6448
Publisher:	Elsevier
Volume:	285
Page Range:	115-188
Date:	2010
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381047-2.00003-7
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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