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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Cellular pharmacology of multi- and duplex drugs consisting of ethynylcytidine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine |
| Creators Name: | Bijnsdorp, I.V., Schwendener, R.A., Schott, H., Fichtner, I., Smid, K., Laan, A.C., Schott, S., Losekoot, N., Honeywell, R.J. and Peters, G.J. |
| Abstract: | Prodrugs can have the advantage over parent drugs in increased activation and cellular uptake. The multidrug ETC-L-FdUrd and the duplex drug ETC-FdUrd are composed of two different monophosphate-nucleosides, 5-fluoro-2'deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and ethynylcytidine (ETC), coupled via a glycerolipid or phosphodiester, respectively. The aim of the study was to determine cytotoxicity levels and mode of drug cleavage. Moreover, we determined whether a liposomal formulation of ETC-L-FdUrd would improve cytotoxic activity and/or cleavage. Drug effects/cleavage were studied with standard radioactivity assays, HPLC and LC-MS/MS in FM3A/0 mammary cancer cells and their FdUrd resistant variants FM3A/TK(-). ETC-FdUrd was active (IC(50) of 2.2 and 79 nM) in FM3A/0 and TK(-) cells, respectively. ETC-L-FdUrd was less active (IC(50): 7 nM in FM3A/0 vs 4500 nM in FM3A/TK(-)). Although the liposomal formulation was less active than ETC-L-FdUrd in FM3A/0 cells (IC(50):19.3 nM), resistance due to thymidine kinase (TK) deficiency was greatly reduced. The prodrugs inhibited thymidylate synthase (TS) in FM3A/0 cells (80-90%), but to a lower extent in FM3A/TK(-) (10-50%). FdUMP was hardly detected in FM3A/TK(-) cells. Inhibition of the transporters and nucleotidases/phosphatases resulted in a reduction of cytotoxicity of ETC-FdUrd, indicating that this drug was cleaved outside the cells to the monophosphates, which was verified by the presence of FdUrd and ETC in the medium. ETC-L-FdUrd and the liposomal formulation were neither affected by transporter nor nucleotidase/phosphatase inhibition, indicating circumvention of active transporters. In vivo, ETC-FdUrd and ETC-L-FdURd were orally active. ETC nucleotides accumulated in both tumor and liver tissues. These formulations seem to be effective when a lipophilic linker is used combined with a liposomal formulation. |
| Keywords: | Multidrug, Duplex Drug, Prodrugs, Ethynylcytidine, 5-fluoro-2′deoxyuridine, Animals, Mice |
| Source: | Investigational New Drugs |
| ISSN: | 0167-6997 |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Volume: | 29 |
| Number: | 2 |
| Page Range: | 248-257 |
| Date: | April 2011 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-009-9353-2 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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