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| Item Type: | Review |
|---|---|
| Title: | Probing renal blood volume with magnetic resonance imaging |
| Creators Name: | Niendorf, T. and Seeliger, E. and Cantow, K. and Flemming, B. and Waiczies, S. and Pohlmann, A. |
| Abstract: | Damage to the kidney substantially reduces life expectancy. Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and its progression to chronic kidney disease. In vivo assessment of renal haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation remains a challenge. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to changes in the effective transversal relaxation time (T(2)*) in vivo, is non-invasive and indicative of renal tissue oxygenation. However, the renal T(2)* to tissue pO(2) relationship is not governed exclusively by renal blood oxygenation, but is affected by physiological confounders with alterations in renal blood volume fraction (BVf) being of particular relevance. To decipher this interference probing renal BVf is essential for the pursuit of renal MR oximetry. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO) preparations can be used as MRI visible blood pool markers for detailing alterations in BVf. This review promotes the opportunities of MRI based assessment of renal BVf. Following an outline on the specifics of renal oxygenation and perfusion, changes in renal BVf upon interventions and their potential impact on renal T(2)* are discussed. We also describe the basic principles of renal BVf assessment using ferumoxytol enhanced MRI in the equilibrium concentration regime. We demonstrate that ferumoxytol does not alter control of renal haemodynamics and oxygenation. Preclinical applications of ferumoxytol enhanced renal MRI as well as considerations for its clinical implementation for examining renal BVf changes are provided alongside practical considerations. Finally, we explore the future directions of MRI based assessment of renal BVf. |
| Keywords: | Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Oxygenation, Renal Vasculature, Renal Blood Volume Fraction, Ferumoxytol, MR Oximetry, Animals |
| Source: | Acta Physiologica |
| ISSN: | 1748-1708 |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| Volume: | 228 |
| Number: | 4 |
| Page Range: | e13435 |
| Date: | April 2020 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13435 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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