The brain tumor microenvironment

Item Type:	Article
Title:	The brain tumor microenvironment
Creators Name:	Charles, N.A. and Holland, E.C. and Gilbertson, R. and Glass, R. and Kettenmann, H.
Abstract:	High-grade brain tumors are heterogeneous with respect to the composition of bona fide tumors cells and with respect to a range of intermingling parenchymal cells. Glioblastomas harbor multiple cell types, some with increased tumorigenicity and stem cell-like capacity. The stem-like cells may be the cells of origin for tumor relapse. However, the tumor-associated parenchymal cells-such as vascular cells, microglia, peripheral immune cells, and neural precursor cells-also play a vital role in controlling the course of pathology. In this review, we describe the multiple interactions of bulk glioma cells and glioma stem cells with parenchymal cell populations and highlight the pathological impact and signaling pathways known for these types of cell-cell communication. The tumor-vasculature not only nourishes glioblastomas, but also provides a specialized niche for these stem-like cells. In addition, microglial cells, which can contribute up to 30% of a brain tumor mass, play a role in glioblastoma cell invasion. Moreover, non-neoplastic astrocytes can be converted into a reactive phenotype by the glioma microenvironment and can then secrete a number of factors which influences tumor biology. The young brain may have the capacity to inhibit gliomagenesis by the endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells, which secrete tumor suppressive factors. The factors, pathways, and interactions described in this review provide a new prospective on the cell biology of primary brain tumors, which may ultimately generate new treatment modalities. However, our picture of the multiple interactions between parenchymal and tumor cells is still incomplete.
Keywords:	Glioma Stem Cells, Microglia, Brain Tumor, Neural Stem Cells, Vascular Niche, Endothelial Cells, Animals
Source:	Glia
ISSN:	0894-1491
Publisher:	Wiley
Volume:	59
Number:	8
Page Range:	1169-1180
Date:	August 2011
Additional Information:	Erratum in: Glia. 2012 Mar;60(3):502-514.
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.21136
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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