Contractile and relaxing reactivity in carotid and femoral arteries of chicken embryos

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Contractile and relaxing reactivity in carotid and femoral arteries of chicken embryos
Creators Name:	le Noble, F.A.C. and Ruijtenbeek, K. and Gommers, S. and De Mey, J.G.R. and Blanco, C.E.
Abstract:	In the embryo, hypoxemia causes redistribution of cardiac output from the periphery toward the heart and the brain. In view of this, we investigated developmental changes in the contractile and relaxing properties of the peripheral femoral artery (Fem) and the more central carotid artery (Car) at 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 of the chicken embryo incubation time. Isolated arteries were studied in myographs and were exposed to norepinephrine or phenylephrine. High K(+) (125 mM) and electrical field stimulation (0.25-16 Hz) were used to induce receptor-independent and neurogenic contractions. Relaxing responses to ACh were evaluated in the absence and presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and before and after endothelium removal. alpha(1)-Adrenergic contractile responses increased in a time-dependent manner and were significantly larger in Fem than in Car. Neurogenic contractions and adrenergic nerves could only be demonstrated in Fem at 0.9 incubation. ACh caused relaxation in both Fem and Car at 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 incubation. The NO-independent part of the relaxation was more pronounced in Car than in Fem at all developmental stages. We conclude that the chicken embryo is a useful model to investigate the development of vasomotor control and vascular heterogeneity. The observed regional vascular differences may contribute to cardiac output redistribution during hypoxia in the embryo and might result from endothelial and neurogenic influences on vascular smooth muscle differentiation.
Keywords:	Catecholamines, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Sympathetic Nerves, Endothelium, Regional Heterogeneity, Chemoreflex, Animals, Chickens
Source:	American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology
ISSN:	0363-6135
Publisher:	American Physiological Society
Volume:	278
Number:	4
Page Range:	H1261-H1268
Date:	April 2000
Official Publication:	http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/278/4/H1261
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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