Inducible NOS inhibition, eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation, and angiotensin II-induced renal damage

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Inducible NOS inhibition, eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation, and angiotensin II-induced renal damage
Creators Name:	Theuer, J. and Shagdarsuren, E. and Muller, D.N. and Kaergel, E. and Honeck, H. and Park, J.K. and Fiebeler, A. and Dechend, R. and Haller, H. and Luft, F.C. and Schunck, W.H.
Abstract:	BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P450(CYP)-dependent hydroxylation and epoxygenation metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) influence renal vascular tone, salt excretion, and inflammation. Transgenic rats over expressing both human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGR) feature angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced organ damage, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decreased AA hydroxylation, and epoxygenation. As nitric oxide production via iNOS can inhibit CYP AA metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that by blocking iNOS or by supplementing eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), which can serve as an alternative CYP substrate, Ang II-induced vasculopathy could be ameliorated. METHODS: We treated dTGR with the iNOS inhibitor L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine (L-NIL), EPA, and the combination of both treatments from week 4 to 7. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that L-NIL and EPA reduced glomerular iNOS toward control levels. L-NIL-treated dTGR showed cardiac hypertrophy and albuminuria similar to untreated dTGR. EPA and the combination of EPA + L-NIL, ameliorated organ damage without lowering blood pressure. EPA and EPA + L-NIL reduced cardiac hypertrophy, albuminuria, renal fibronectin expression, and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, compared to L-NIL and untreated dTGR. Reactive oxygen species were detected in glomeruli of untreated and L-NIL-treated dTGR, but was reduced in the EPA groups. EPA treatment reduced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation and partially inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity in kidneys of dTGR. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that iNOS inhibition does not protect against Ang II-induced end-organ damage, while EPA treatment does. Our electromobility shift assay experiments revealed that EPA protection may involve inhibition of AP-1- and NF-kappaB-dependent pathways.
Keywords:	Hypertension, End-organ damage, Inflammation, Arachidonic acid, NF-kB, AP-1, Eicosapentaenoic acid
Source:	Kidney International
ISSN:	0085-2538
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
Volume:	67
Page Range:	248-258
Date:	1 January 2005
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00075.x
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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