Failure of aldosterone suppression despite angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor administration in chronic heart failure is associated with ACE DD genotype

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Failure of aldosterone suppression despite angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor administration in chronic heart failure is associated with ACE DD genotype
Creators Name:	Cicoira, M. and Zanolla, L. and Rossi, A. and Golia, G. and Franceschini, L. and Cabrini, G. and Bonizzato, A. and Graziani, M. and Anker, S.D. and Coats, A.J.S. and Zardini, P.
Abstract:	OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism influences the adequacy of the neurohormonal response to ACE inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CHF, and aldosterone levels closely relate to outcome in patients with CHF. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors suppress the RAAS, but a significant proportion of patients exhibit elevated serum levels of aldosterone despite long-term administration of apparently adequate doses of these agents. METHODS: We prospectively studied 132 patients with CHF (ejection fraction <45%) receiving long-term therapy with ACE inhibitors for over six months. Patients taking aldosterone antagonists were excluded from the study. "Aldosterone escape" was defined as being present when plasma aldosterone levels were above the normal range in our laboratory (>42 nmol/L). Patients were then divided into two subgroups according to the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of aldosterone escape. Genotype analysis for the ACE I/D polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The prevalence of aldosterone escape in our patients was 10% (13/132). The two groups of patients did not differ regarding the dose of ACE inhibitor, diuretics and their renal function. There was a statistically significant different distribution of genotypes between the two groups, with a higher proportion of DD genotype in group 1 compared with group 2 (62% vs. 24%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CHF with aldosterone escape have a higher prevalence of DD genotype compared with patients with aldosterone within the normal limits. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism contributes to the modulation and adequacy of the neurohormonal response to long-term ACE-inhibitor administration in CHF.
Keywords:	Aldosterone, Aldosterone Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Chronic Disease, Gene Deletion, Genotype, Congestive Heart Failure, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Genetic Polymorphism, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Failure
Source:	Journal of the American College of Cardiology
ISSN:	0735-1097
Publisher:	Elsevier
Volume:	37
Number:	7
Page Range:	1808-1812
Date:	1 January 2001
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01237-2
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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