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Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part I: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

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Item Type:Review
Title:Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part I: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Creators Name:Jarius, S. and Aktas, O. and Ayzenberg, I. and Bellmann-Strobl, J. and Berthele, A. and Giglhuber, K. and Häußler, V. and Havla, J. and Hellwig, K. and Hümmert, M.W. and Kleiter, I. and Klotz, L. and Krumbholz, M. and Kümpfel, T. and Paul, F. and Ringelstein, M. and Ruprecht, K. and Senel, M. and Stellmann, J.P. and Bergh, F.T. and Tumani, H. and Wildemann, B. and Trebst, C.
Abstract:The term 'neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders' (NMOSD) is used as an umbrella term that refers to aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its formes frustes and to a number of closely related clinical syndromes without AQP4-IgG. NMOSD were originally considered subvariants of multiple sclerosis (MS) but are now widely recognized as disorders in their own right that are distinct from MS with regard to immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, optimum treatment, and prognosis. In part 1 of this two-part article series, which ties in with our 2014 recommendations, the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS) gives updated recommendations on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NMOSD. A key focus is on differentiating NMOSD from MS and from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also termed MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD), which shares significant similarity with NMOSD with regard to clinical and, partly, radiological presentation, but is a pathogenetically distinct disease. In part 2, we provide updated recommendations on the treatment of NMOSD, covering all newly approved drugs as well as established treatment options.
Keywords:Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), Optic Neuritis, Myelitis, Diagnostic Criteria, Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, MOG Antibody-Associated Encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), MOG Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Serology, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF, Optic Coherence Tomography (OCT), Clinical Presentation, Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG), Autoantibodies
Source:Journal of Neurology
ISSN:0340-5354
Publisher:Springer
Volume:270
Number:7
Page Range:3341-3368
Date:July 2023
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11634-0
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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