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Spurious transcription causing innate immune responses is prevented by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

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Item Type:Article
Title:Spurious transcription causing innate immune responses is prevented by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Creators Name:Wu, F. and Li, X. and Looso, M. and Liu, H. and Ding, D. and Günther, S. and Kuenne, C. and Liu, S. and Weissmann, N. and Boettger, T. and Atzberger, A. and Kolahian, S. and Renz, H. and Offermanns, S. and Gärtner, U. and Potente, M. and Zhou, Y. and Yuan, X. and Braun, T.
Abstract:Generation of functional transcripts requires transcriptional initiation at regular start sites, avoiding production of aberrant and potentially hazardous aberrant RNAs. The mechanisms maintaining transcriptional fidelity and the impact of spurious transcripts on cellular physiology and organ function have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that TET3, which successively oxidizes 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other derivatives, prevents aberrant intragenic entry of RNA polymerase II pSer5 into highly expressed genes of airway smooth muscle cells, assuring faithful transcriptional initiation at canonical start sites. Loss of TET3-dependent 5hmC production in SMCs results in accumulation of spurious transcripts, which stimulate the endosomal nucleic-acid-sensing TLR7/8 signaling pathway, thereby provoking massive inflammation and airway remodeling resembling human bronchial asthma. Furthermore, we found that 5hmC levels are substantially lower in human asthma airways compared with control samples. Suppression of spurious transcription might be important to prevent chronic inflammation in asthma.
Keywords:5-Methylcytosine, Asthma, DNA Methylation, Inflammation, Innate Immunity
Source:Nature Genetics
ISSN:1061-4036
Publisher:Nature Publishing Group
Volume:55
Number:1
Page Range:100-111
Date:January 2023
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01252-3
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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