Item Type: | Article |
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Title: | Treadmill training with virtual reality to enhance gait and cognitive function among people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial |
Creators Name: | Galperin, I. and Mirelman, A. and Schmitz-Hübsch, T. and Hsieh, K.L. and Regev, K. and Karni, A. and Brozgol, M. and Cornejo Thumm, P. and Lynch, S.G. and Paul, F. and Devos, H. and Sosnoff, J. and Hausdorff, J.M. |
Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Motor and cognitive impairments impact the everyday functioning of people with MS (pwMS). The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the benefits of a combined motor–cognitive virtual reality training program on key motor and cognitive symptoms and related outcomes in pwMS. METHODS: In a single-blinded, two-arm RCT, 124 pwMS were randomized into a treadmill training with virtual reality (TT + VR) group or a treadmill training alone (TT) (active-control) group. Both groups received three training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Dual-tasking gait speed and cognitive processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT, score) were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included additional tests of cognitive function, mobility, and patient-reported questionnaires. These were measured before, after, and 3 months after training. RESULTS: Gait speed improved (p < 0.005) in both groups, similarly, by about 10 cm/s. The TT + VR group (n = 53 analyzed per-protocol) showed a clinically meaningful improvement of 4.4 points (95% CI 1.9–6.8, p = 0.001) in SDMT, compared to an improvement of only 0.8 points in the TT (n = 51 analyzed per-protocol) group (95% CI 0.9–2.5 points, p = 0.358) (group X time interaction effect p = 0.027). Furthermore, TT + VR group-specific improvements were seen in depressive symptoms (lowered by 31%, p = 0.003), attention (17%, p < 0.001), and verbal fluency (11.6% increase, p = 0.002). DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that both TT and TT + VR improve usual and dual-task gait in pwMS. Nonetheless, a multi-modal approach based on VR positively impacts multiple aspects of cognitive function and mental health, more than seen after treadmill-treading alone. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02427997. |
Keywords: | Gait, Treadmill Training, Dual Task, Virtual Reality, Multiple Sclerosis |
Source: | Journal of Neurology |
ISSN: | 0340-5354 |
Publisher: | Springer |
Volume: | 270 |
Number: | 3 |
Page Range: | 1388-1401 |
Date: | March 2023 |
Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11469-1 |
PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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