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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic polymorphism using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model system |
| Creators Name: | Ebert, A.D. and Kodo, K. and Liang, P. and Wu, H. and Huber, B.C. and Riegler, J. and Churko, J. and Lee, J. and de Almeida, P. and Lan, F. and Diecke, S. and Burridge, P.W. and Gold, J.D. and Mochly-Rosen, D. and Wu, J.C. |
| Abstract: | Nearly 8% of the human population carries an inactivating point mutation in the gene that encodes the cardioprotective enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This genetic polymorphism (ALDH2*2) is linked to more severe outcomes from ischemic heart damage and an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the underlying molecular bases are unknown. We investigated the ALDH2*2 mechanisms in a human model system of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from individuals carrying the most common heterozygous form of the ALDH2*2 genotype. We showed that the ALDH2*2 mutation gave rise to elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species and toxic aldehydes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic signaling pathways, especially during ischemic injury. We established that ALDH2 controls cell survival decisions by modulating oxidative stress levels and that this regulatory circuitry was dysfunctional in the loss-of-function ALDH2*2 genotype, causing up-regulation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes after ischemic insult. These results reveal a new function for the metabolic enzyme ALDH2 in modulation of cell survival decisions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that mediate ALDH2*2-related increased ischemic damage is important for the development of specific diagnostic methods and improved risk management of CAD and may lead to patient-specific cardiac therapies. |
| Keywords: | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Aldehydes, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Enzyme Inhibitors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Heterozygote, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Myocardial Ischemia, Cardiac Myocytes, Oxidative Stress, Phenotype, Genetic Polymorphism, RNA Interference, Reactive Oxygen Species, Signal Transduction, Time Factors, Transfection |
| Source: | Science Translational Medicine |
| ISSN: | 1946-6234 |
| Publisher: | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Volume: | 6 |
| Number: | 255 |
| Page Range: | 255ra130 |
| Date: | 24 September 2014 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009027 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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