Secretions from placenta, after hypoxia/reoxygenation, can damage developing neurones of brain under experimental conditions

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Secretions from placenta, after hypoxia/reoxygenation, can damage developing neurones of brain under experimental conditions
Creators Name:	Curtis, D.J. and Sood, A. and Phillips, T.J. and Leinster, V.H.L. and Nishiguchi, A. and Coyle, C. and Lacharme-Lora, L. and Beaumont, O. and Kemp, H. and Goodall, R. and Cornes, L. and Giugliano, M. and Barone, R.A. and Matsusaki, M. and Akashi, M. and Tanaka, H.Y. and Kano, M. and McGarvey, J. and Halemani, N.D. and Simon, K. and Keehan, R. and Ind, W. and Masters, T. and Grant, S. and Athwal, S. and Collett, G. and Tannetta, D. and Sargent, I.L. and Scull-Brown, E. and Liu, X. and Aquilina, K. and Cohen, N. and Lane, J.D. and Thoresen, M. and Hanley, J. and Randall, A. and Case, C.P.
Abstract:	Some psychiatric diseases in children and young adults are thought to originate from adverse exposures during foetal life, including hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. The mechanism is not understood. Several authors have emphasised that the placenta is likely to play an important role as the key interface between mother and foetus. Here we have explored whether a first trimester human placenta or model barrier of primary human cytotrophoblasts might secrete factors, in response to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation, that could damage neurones. We find that the secretions in conditioned media caused an increase of [Ca(2+)](i) and mitochondrial free radicals and a decrease of dendritic lengths, branching complexity, spine density and synaptic activity in dissociated neurones from embryonic rat cerebral cortex. There was altered staining of glutamate and GABA receptors. We identify glutamate as an active factor within the conditioned media and demonstrate a specific release of glutamate from the placenta/cytotrophoblast barriers invitro after hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. Injection of conditioned media into developing brains of P4 rats reduced the numerical density of parvalbumin-containing neurones in cortex, hippocampus and reticular nucleus, reduced immunostaining of glutamate receptors and altered cellular turnover. These results show that the placenta is able to release factors, in response to altered oxygen, that can damage developing neurones under experimental conditions.
Keywords:	Placenta, Neurone, Dendrite, Parvalbumin, Hypoxia, Reoxygenation, Cerebral Cortex, Development, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, Animals, Rats
Source:	Experimental Neurology
ISSN:	0014-4886
Publisher:	Elsevier
Volume:	261
Page Range:	386-395
Date:	November 2014
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.003
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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