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Recurrent inversion polymorphisms in humans associate with genetic instability and genomic disorders

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Item Type:Article
Title:Recurrent inversion polymorphisms in humans associate with genetic instability and genomic disorders
Creators Name:Porubsky, D. and Höps, W. and Ashraf, H. and Hsieh, P.H. and Rodriguez-Martin, B. and Yilmaz, F. and Ebler, J. and Hallast, P. and Maggiolini, F.A.M. and Harvey, W.T. and Henning, B. and Audano, P.A. and Gordon, D.S. and Ebert, P. and Hasenfeld, P. and Benito, E. and Zhu, Q. and Lee, C. and Antonacci, F. and Steinrücken, M. and Beck, C.R. and Sanders, A.D. and Marschall, T. and Eichler, E.E. and Korbel, J.O.
Abstract:Unlike copy number variants (CNVs), inversions remain an underexplored genetic variation class. By integrating multiple genomic technologies, we discover 729 inversions in 41 human genomes. Approximately 85% of inversions <2 kbp form by twin-priming during L1 retrotransposition; 80% of the larger inversions are balanced and affect twice as many nucleotides as CNVs. Balanced inversions show an excess of common variants, and 72% are flanked by segmental duplications (SDs) or retrotransposons. Since flanking repeats promote non-allelic homologous recombination, we developed complementary approaches to identify recurrent inversion formation. We describe 40 recurrent inversions encompassing 0.6% of the genome, showing inversion rates up to 2.7 × 10(-4) per locus per generation. Recurrent inversions exhibit a sex-chromosomal bias and co-localize with genomic disorder critical regions. We propose that inversion recurrence results in an elevated number of heterozygous carriers and structural SD diversity, which increases mutability in the population and predisposes specific haplotypes to disease-causing CNVs.
Keywords:Inversion, Pathogenic CNV, Recurrent Mutation, Genomic Disorder, Genomic Structural Variation, Genomic Instability, Human Genetic Variation, Retrotransposon, L1 Mobile Element
Source:Cell
ISSN:0092-8674
Publisher:Cell Press / Elsevier
Volume:185
Number:11
Page Range:1986-2005
Date:26 May 2022
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.017
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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