Heterozygous HNRNPU variants cause early onset epilepsy and severe intellectual disability

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Heterozygous HNRNPU variants cause early onset epilepsy and severe intellectual disability
Creators Name:	Bramswig, N.C. and Lüdecke, H.J. and Hamdan, F.F. and Altmüller, J. and Beleggia, F. and Elcioglu, N.H. and Freyer, C. and Gerkes, E.H. and Demirkol, Y.K. and Knupp, K.G. and Kuechler, A. and Li, Y. and Lowenstein, D.H. and Michaud, J.L. and Park, K. and Stegmann, A.P.A. and Veenstra-Knol, H.E. and Wieland, T. and Wollnik, B. and Engels, H. and Strom, T.M. and Kleefstra, T. and Wieczorek, D.
Abstract:	Pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits of the spliceosome are the cause of several human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The RNA splicing process is facilitated by the spliceosome, a large RNA–protein complex consisting of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and many other proteins, such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The HNRNPU gene (OMIM *602869) encodes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U, which plays a crucial role in mammalian development. HNRNPU is expressed in the fetal brain and adult heart, kidney, liver, brain, and cerebellum. Microdeletions in the 1q44 region encompassing HNRNPU have been described in patients with intellectual disability (ID) and other clinical features, such as seizures, corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA), and microcephaly. Recently, pathogenic HNRNPU variants were identified in large ID and epileptic encephalopathy cohorts. In this study, we provide detailed clinical information of five novels and review two of the previously published individuals with (likely) pathogenic de novo variants in the HNRNPU gene including three non-sense and two missense variants, one small intragenic deletion, and one duplication. The phenotype in individuals with variants in HNRNPU is characterized by early onset seizures (6/7), severe ID (6/6), severe speech impairment (6/6), hypotonia (6/7), and central nervous system (CNS) (5/6), cardiac (4/6), and renal abnormalities (3/4). In this study, we broaden the clinical and mutational HNRNPU-associated spectrum, and demonstrate that heterozygous HNRNPU variants cause epilepsy, severe ID with striking speech impairment and variable CNS, cardiac, and renal anomalies.
Keywords:	Age of Onset, Agenesis of Corpus Callosum, Central Nervous System, Chromosome Deletion, Epilepsy, Genetic Variation, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U, Heterozygote, Intellectual Disability, Kidney, Microcephaly, Muscle Hypotonia, Pair 1 Human Chromosomes, Phenotype, RNA Splicing, Seizures, Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
Source:	Human Genetics
ISSN:	0340-6717
Publisher:	Springer
Volume:	136
Number:	7
Page Range:	821-834
Date:	July 2017
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-017-1795-6
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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