How to make a tumour: cell type specific dissection of Ustilago maydis-induced tumour development in maize leaves

Item Type:	Article
Title:	How to make a tumour: cell type specific dissection of Ustilago maydis-induced tumour development in maize leaves
Creators Name:	Matei, A. and Ernst, C. and Günl, M. and Thiele, B. and Altmüller, J. and Walbot, V. and Usadel, B. and Doehlemann, G.
Abstract:	The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes smut disease on maize (Zea mays), which is characterized by immense plant tumours. To establish disease and reprogram organ primordia to tumours, U. maydis deploys effector proteins in an organ-specific manner. However, the cellular contribution to leaf tumours remains unknown. We investigated leaf tumour formation at the tissue- and cell type-specific levels. Cytology and metabolite analysis were deployed to understand the cellular basis for tumourigenesis. Laser-capture microdissection was performed to gain a cell type-specific transcriptome of U. maydis during tumour formation. In vivo visualization of plant DNA synthesis identified bundle sheath cells as the origin of hyperplasic tumour cells, while mesophyll cells become hypertrophic tumour cells. Cell type-specific transcriptome profiling of U. maydis revealed tailored expression of fungal effector genes. Moreover, U. maydis See1 was identified as the first cell type-specific fungal effector, being required for induction of cell cycle reactivation in bundle sheath cells. Identification of distinct cellular mechanisms in two different leaf cell types and of See1 as an effector for induction of proliferation of bundle sheath cells are major steps in understanding U. maydis-induced tumour formation. Moreover, the cell type-specific U. maydis transcriptome data are a valuable resource to the scientific community.
Keywords:	Cell Differentiation, Cell Type Specificity, Effectors, Laser Capture Microdissection, Maize (Zea Mays), Metabolic Reprogramming, Ustilago Maydis, Tumour Formation
Source:	New Phytologist
ISSN:	1469-8137
Publisher:	Wiley
Volume:	217
Number:	4
Page Range:	1681-1695
Date:	March 2018
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14960
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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