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Effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

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Item Type:Article
Title:Effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
Creators Name:Pivovarova-Ramich, O. and Markova, M. and Weber, D. and Sucher, S. and Hornemann, S. and Rudovich, N. and Raila, J. and Sunaga-Franze, D. and Sauer, S. and Rohn, S. and Pfeiffer, A.F.H. and Grune, T.
Abstract:High-protein diet is a promising strategy for diabetes treatment supporting body weight control, improving glycaemic status, cardiovascular risk factors and reducing liver fat. Here, we investigated effects of diets high in animal (AP) or plant (PP) protein on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 37 obese individuals (age 64.3 ± 1.0 years) with T2DM were randomized to an isocaloric diet (30 energy(E)% protein, 30E% fat and 40E% carbohydrates) rich in AP or PP for 6 weeks. Markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress and antioxidant status in plasma and nitrate/nitrite levels in urine were assessed. Gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was analyzed by RNA-Seq and real-time PCR.Both AP and PP diets similarly reduced plasma levels of malondialdehyde (P(AP) = 0.003, P(PP) = 1.6x10(-4)) and protein carbonyls (P(AP) = 1.2x10(-4), P(PP) = 3.0x10(-5)) over 6 weeks. Nitrotyrosine (NT) increased upon both AP and PP diets (PAP = 0.005,PPP = 0.004). SAT expression of genes involved in nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress metabolism and urine NO metabolite (nitrate/nitrite) levels were not changed upon both diets. Plasma levels of carotenoids increased upon PP diet, whereas retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol slightly decreased upon both diets. AP and PP diets similarly improve oxidative stress but increase nitrosative stress markers in individuals with T2DM. Mechanisms of the NT regulation upon high-protein diets need further investigation.
Keywords:Animal Protein, Plant Protein, Type 2 Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, Animals
Source:Redox Biology
ISSN:2213-2317
Publisher:Elsevier
Volume:29
Number:2
Page Range:101397
Date:January 2020
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2019.101397
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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