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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Objective assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect by B-mode ultrasound |
| Creators Name: | Schmidt, F.A. and Connolly, F. and Maas, M.B. and Grittner, U. and Harms, L. and Brandt, A. and Paul, F. and Schreiber, S. and Ruprecht, K. |
| Abstract: | PURPOSE: To evaluate B-mode ultrasound as a novel method for objective and quantitative assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a prospective case-control study. METHODS: Seventeen patients with unilateral optic neuropathy and a clinically detectable RAPD and 17 age and sex matched healthy controls were examined with B-mode ultrasound using an Esaote-Mylab25 system according to current guidelines for orbital insonation. The swinging flashlight test was performed during ultrasound assessment with a standardized light stimulus using a penlight. RESULTS: B-mode ultrasound RAPD examination was doable in approximately 5 minutes only and was well tolerated by all participants. Compared to the unaffected contralateral eyes, eyes with RAPD showed lower absolute constriction amplitude of the pupillary diameter (mean [SD] 0.8 [0.4] vs. 2.1 [0.4] mm; p = 0.009) and a longer pupillary constriction time after ipsilateral light stimulus (mean [SD] 1240 [180] vs. 710 [200] ms; p = 0.008). In eyes affected by RAPD, visual acuity correlated with the absolute constriction amplitude (r = 0.75, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: B-mode ultrasound enables fast, easy and objective quantification of a RAPD and can thus be applied in clinical practice to document a RAPD. |
| Keywords: | Case-Control Studies, Optic Nerve Diseases, Optic Neuritis, Photic Stimulation, Pupil, Pupil Disorders, Ultrasonography, Visual Acuity |
| Source: | PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| Volume: | 13 |
| Number: | 8 |
| Page Range: | e0202774 |
| Date: | 27 August 2018 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202774 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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