Immunofluorescence analysis and diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia with radial spoke defects

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Immunofluorescence analysis and diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia with radial spoke defects
Creators Name:	Frommer, A. and Hjeij, R. and Loges, N.T. and Edelbusch, C. and Jahnke, C. and Raidt, J. and Werner, C. and Wallmeier, J. and Große-Onnebrink, J. and Olbrich, H. and Cindrić, S. and Jaspers, M. and Boon, M. and Memari, Y. and Durbin, R. and Kolb-Kokocinski, A. and Sauer, S. and Marthin, J.K. and Nielsen, K.G. and Amirav, I. and Elias, N. and Kerem, E. and Shoseyov, D. and Haeffner, K. and Omran, H.
Abstract:	Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder caused by several distinct defects in genes responsible for ciliary beating, leading to defective mucociliary clearance often associated with randomization of left/right body asymmetry. Individuals with PCD caused by defective radial spoke (RS) heads are difficult to diagnose owing to lack of gross ultrastructural defects and absence of situs inversus. Thus far, most mutations identified in human radial spoke genes (RSPH) are loss-of-function mutations, and missense variants have been rarely described. We studied the consequences of different RSPH9, RSPH4A, and RSPH1 mutations on the assembly of the RS complex to improve diagnostics in PCD. We report 21 individuals with PCD (16 families) with biallelic mutations in RSPH9, RSPH4A, and RSPH1, including seven novel mutations comprising missense variants, and performed high-resolution immunofluorescence analysis of human respiratory cilia. Missense variants are frequent genetic defects in PCD with RS defects. Absence of RSPH4A due to mutations in RSPH4A results in deficient axonemal assembly of the RS head components RSPH1 and RSPH9. RSPH1 mutant cilia, lacking RSPH1, fail to assemble RSPH9, whereas RSPH9 mutations result in axonemal absence of RSPH9, but do not affect the assembly of the other head proteins, RSPH1 and RSPH4A. Interestingly, our results were identical in individuals carrying loss-of-function mutations, missense variants, or one amino acid deletion. Immunofluorescence analysis can improve diagnosis of PCD in patients with loss-of-function mutations as well as missense variants. RSPH4A is the core protein of the RS head.
Keywords:	Cilia, Primary Ciliary Dysk Inesia, Human Radial Spoke Protein 9, Human Radial Spoke Protein 4A, Human Radial Spoke Protein 1
Source:	American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
ISSN:	1044-1549
Publisher:	American Thoracic Society
Volume:	53
Number:	4
Page Range:	563-573
Date:	1 October 2015
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2014-0483OC
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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