Untersuchungen des visuellen Systems in der Neurologie: aktuelle Forschung und klinische Relevanz [Investigation of the visual system in neurology: Current research and clinical relevance]

Item Type:	Review
Title:	Untersuchungen des visuellen Systems in der Neurologie: aktuelle Forschung und klinische Relevanz [Investigation of the visual system in neurology: Current research and clinical relevance]
Creators Name:	Brandt, A. and Zimmermann, H. and Scheel, M. and Finke, C. and Albrecht, P. and Paul, F.
Abstract:	A preliminary assessment of the afferent visual system is part of neurological history taking and the neurological examination. The afferent visual system including the retina is part of the central nervous system. Many neurological diseases can cause loss of visual function, which is an important determinant of loss of quality of life in affected patients. This has led to an increasing application of state-of-the-art diagnostic methods for investigating the afferent visual system in clinical neurology and neurological research. Low-contrast visual acuity tests and color vision tests can complement classic high-contrast visual testing. Multifocal visual evoked potentials allow assessment of axonal strands. Optical coherence tomography enables high-resolution imaging of the retina and intra-retinal layers. In clinical research, diffusion weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used for microstructural and functional assessment of neuronal structures and white matter. Structured questionnaires are available to screen for visual function loss. A detailed assessment of the afferent visual system is increasingly part of neurological examinations not only in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, MOG-IgG associated encephalomyelitis or Susac syndrome, but also in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. This review outlines relevant methods for structural and functional assessment of the afferent visual system and summarizes showcases for application of these methods in neurological diseases.
Keywords:	Visual System, Optical Coherence Tomography, Visual Dysfunction, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Visual Evoked Potentials
Source:	Aktuelle Neurologie
ISSN:	0302-4350
Publisher:	Thieme
Volume:	44
Number:	1
Page Range:	27-45
Date:	2017
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-124610

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