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Pole-to-Pole connections: similarities between arctic and antarctic microbiomes and their vulnerability to environmental change

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Item Type:Article
Title:Pole-to-Pole connections: similarities between arctic and antarctic microbiomes and their vulnerability to environmental change
Creators Name:Kleinteich, J. and Hildebrand, F. and Bahram, M. and Voigt, A.Y. and Wood, S.A. and Jungblut, A.D. and Kuepper, F.C. and Quesada, A. and Camacho, A. and Pearce, D.A. and Convey, P. and Vincent, W.F. and Zarfl, C. and Bork, P. and Dietrich, D.R.
Abstract:The global biogeography of microorganisms remains poorly resolved, which limits the current understanding of microbial resilience toward environmental changes. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the microbial diversity of terrestrial and lacustrine biofilms from the Arctic, Antarctic and temperate regions. Our analyses suggest that bacterial community compositions at the poles are more similar to each other than they are to geographically closer temperate habitats, with 32% of all operational taxonomic units (OTUs) co-occurring in both polar regions. While specific microbial taxa were confined to distinct regions, representing potentially endemic populations, the percentage of cosmopolitan taxa was higher in Arctic (43%) than in Antarctic samples (36%). The overlap in polar microbial OTUs may be explained by natural or anthropogenically-mediated dispersal in combination with environmental filtering. Current and future changing environmental conditions may enhance microbial invasion, establishment of cosmopolitan genotypes and loss of endemic taxa.
Keywords:Biogeography, Diversity, Microbiology, Polar Regions, Ecology, High-Throughput Sequencing, 16S rRNA Gene
Source:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
ISSN:2296-701X
Volume:5
Page Range:137
Date:10 November 2017
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00137

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