Increased salt consumption induces body water conservation and decreases fluid intake
Item Type: | Article |
---|
Title: | Increased salt consumption induces body water conservation and decreases fluid intake |
---|
Creators Name: | Rakova, N. and Kitada, K. and Lerchl, K. and Dahlmann, A. and Birukov, A. and Daub, S. and Kopp, C. and Pedchenko, T. and Zhang, Y. and Beck, L. and Johannes, B. and Marton, A. and Müller, D.N. and Rauh, M. and Luft, F.C. and Titze, J. |
---|
Abstract: | BACKGROUND: The idea that increasing salt intake increases drinking and urine volume is widely accepted. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in salt intake of 6 g/d would change fluid balance in men living under ultra-long-term controlled conditions. METHODS: Over the course of 2 separate space flight simulation studies of 105 and 205 days' duration, we exposed 10 healthy men to 3 salt intake levels (12, 9, or 6 g/d). All other nutrients were maintained constant. We studied the effect of salt-driven changes in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid urinary excretion on day-to-day osmolyte and water balance.
RESULTS:A 6-g/d increase in salt intake increased urine osmolyte excretion, but reduced free-water clearance, indicating endogenous free water accrual by urine concentration. The resulting endogenous water surplus reduced fluid intake at the 12-g/d salt intake level. Across all 3 levels of salt intake, half-weekly and weekly rhythmical mineralocorticoid release promoted free water reabsorption via the renal concentration mechanism. Mineralocorticoid-coupled increases in free water reabsorption were counterbalanced by rhythmical glucocorticoid release, with excretion of endogenous osmolyte and water surplus by relative urine dilution. A 6-g/d increase in salt intake decreased the level of rhythmical mineralocorticoid release and elevated rhythmical glucocorticoid release. The projected effect of salt-driven hormone rhythm modulation corresponded well with the measured decrease in water intake and an increase in urine volume with surplus osmolyte excretion.
CONCLUSION: Humans regulate osmolyte and water balance by rhythmical mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid release, endogenous accrual of surplus body water, and precise surplus excretion. FUNDING: Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology/DLR; the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research; the NIH; the American Heart Association (AHA); the Renal Research Institute; and the TOYOBO Biotechnology Foundation. Food products were donated by APETITO, Coppenrath und Wiese, ENERVIT, HIPP, Katadyn, Kellogg, Molda, and Unilever. |
---|
Keywords: | Dietary Sodium Chloride, Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Space Flight, Water, Water-Electrolyte Balance |
---|
Source: | Journal of Clinical Investigation |
---|
ISSN: | 0021-9738 |
---|
Publisher: | American Society for Clinical Investigation |
---|
Volume: | 127 |
---|
Number: | 5 |
---|
Page Range: | 1932-1943 |
---|
Date: | 1 May 2017 |
---|
Additional Information: | Copyright © 2017, American Society for Clinical Investigation |
---|
Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI88530 |
---|
External Fulltext: | View full text on PubMed Central |
---|
PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
---|
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Downloads per month over past year
|