Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis - relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis - relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function
Creators Name:	Heine, J., Prüss, H., Bartsch, T., Ploner, C.J., Paul, F. and Finke, C.
Abstract:	The field of autoimmune encephalitides associated with antibodies targeting cell-surface antigens is rapidly expanding and new antibodies are discovered frequently. Typical clinical presentations include cognitive deficits, psychiatric symptoms, movement disorders and seizures and the majority of patients responds well to immunotherapy. Pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features are increasingly recognized and indicate hippocampal dysfunction in most of these syndromes. Here, we review the neuroimaging characteristics of autoimmune encephalitides, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis as well as more recently discovered and less frequent forms such as dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) or glycine receptor encephalitis. We summarize findings of routine MRI investigations as well as FDG-PET and SPECT imaging and relate these observations to clinical features and disease outcome. We furthermore review results of advanced imaging analyses such as diffusion tensor imaging, volumetric analyses and resting state functional MRI. Finally, we discuss contributions of these neuroimaging observations to the understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune encephalitides.
Keywords:	Hippocampus, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Limbic Encephalitis, Imaging, MRI, PET, Animals
Source:	Neuroscience
ISSN:	0306-4522
Publisher:	Elsevier / Pergamon
Volume:	309
Page Range:	68-83
Date:	19 November 2015
Additional Information:	This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: SI: Hippocampus.
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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