Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Item Type:	Article
Title:	Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Creators Name:	Kyrø, C. and Olsen, A. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Skeie, G. and Loft, S. and Åman, P. and Leenders, M. and Dik, V.K. and Siersema, P.D. and Pischon, T. and Christensen, J. and Overvad, K. and Boutron-Ruault, M.C. and Fagherazzi, G. and Cottet, V. and Kühn, T. and Chang-Claude, J. and Boeing, H. and Trichopoulou, A. and Naska, A. and Oikonomidou, D. and Masala, G. and Pala, V. and Tumino, R. and Vineis, P. and Mattiello, A. and Peeters, P.H. and Bakken, T. and Weiderpass, E. and Asli, L.A. and Sánchez, S. and Jakszyn, P. and Sánchez, M.J. and Amiano, P. and Huerta, J.M. and Barricarte, A. and Ljuslinder, I. and Palmqvist, R. and Khaw, K.T. and Wareham, N. and Key, T.J. and Travis, R.C. and Slimani, N. and Freisling, H. and Ferrari, P. and Gunter, M.J. and Murphy, N. and Riboli, E. and Tjønneland, A. and Landberg, R.
Abstract:	Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten European countries from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were between 35 and 41 nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23 nmol/l in those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries, reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.
Keywords:	Whole Grains, Alkylresorcinols, Biomarkers
Source:	British Journal of Nutrition
ISSN:	0007-1145
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
Volume:	111
Number:	10
Page Range:	1881-1890
Date:	May 2014
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513004388
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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