Long distance signalling in volume transmission. Focus on clearance mechanisms

Item Type:	Review
Title:	Long distance signalling in volume transmission. Focus on clearance mechanisms
Creators Name:	Jansson, A. and Lippoldt, A. and Mazel, T. and Bartfai, T. and Ogren, S.O. and Sykova, E. and Agnati, L.F. and Fuxe, K.
Abstract:	This chapter discusses clearance mechanisms of volume transmission (VT) signals— namely, clearance over the brain-blood barrier and over the leaky brain-CSF (cerebrospinal-fluid) interface as well as through receptor mediated uptake into other discrete nerve cell systems through internalization. Evidence are presented that protein kinase C may be an important regulator of the tight and adherens junctions of the brain-CSF and CSF-blood interfaces, as well as of endocrine-like VT. Moreover, endothelial nitric oxide may be a regulator of the clearance of VT signals over the brain-blood barrier. Evidence has been obtained that exogenous {beta}- endorphin and galanin locally and in CSF can undergo rapid somatodendritic internalization into discrete populations of interneuronal populations of the neostriatum and hippocampus, underlining their potential role in CSF signaling. These results support the possibility that at least in these specific interneurons {beta}-endorphin and galanin and/or their active fragments can act as transcellular signals by effects on gene regulation and/or by rapid dendritic and somatic release into the surrounding neuropil to activate their respective high affinity peptide receptors.
Keywords:	Blood-Brain Barrier, Endocytosis, Extracellular Space, Neurons, Neurotransmitter Agents, Synaptic Transmission, Animals
Source:	Progress in Brain Research
ISSN:	0079-6123
Publisher:	Elsevier
Volume:	125
Page Range:	399-413
Date:	2000
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(00)25028-0
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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