The CLC family of chloride channels and transporters

Item Type:	Book Section
Title:	The CLC family of chloride channels and transporters
Creators Name:	Stauber, T. and Novarino, G. and Jentsch, T.J.
Abstract:	This chapter deals with the CLC family of chloride channels and transporters, which are expressed from bacteria to humans. This highly conserved family comprises nine members in mammals, which were identified by homology cloning subsequent to the family's founding member ClC-0 from Torpedo marmorata. According to their sequence homologies, they can be grouped into three subfamilies. All members of the first subfamily, ClC-1, -2, -Ka and –Kb are shown to reside in the plasma membrane and function as Clˉ channels that mediate, e.g. transepithelial Clˉ transport or are involved in stabilizing the resting potential of the plasma membrane. CLC proteins form rhombus-like dimers of two-fold symmetry and function mostly as homodimers. A CLC dimer works as a “double-barreled” translocation pathway in which each subunit provides its own pore. The independent operation of the two ion translocation pathways was deduced first from the analysis of the reconstituted Torpedo channel.
Source:	Physiology and Pathology of chloride transporters and channels in the nervous system
Title of Book:	Physiology and Pathology of Chloride Transporters and Channels in the Nervous System : From Molecules to Diseases
ISBN:	978-0-12-374373-2
Publisher:	Elsevier
Page Range:	209-231
Date:	2010
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374373-2.00012-1

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