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| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Sex differences in the drug therapy for oncologic diseases |
| Creators Name: | Schmetzer, O. and Floercken, A. |
| Abstract: | There are clear gender-dependent differences in response rates and the probability of side effects in patients treated with chemotherapy. Sex-biased expression levels of metabolic enzymes and transporters in liver and kidney leading to different pharmacokinetics have been described for most common anti-cancer drugs. In women, half-life is often longer, which is associated with improved survival, but also increased toxicity.Some chemotherapy protocols lead to a better response rate in women without increasing toxicity (e.g., cisplatin and irinotecan), while others only increase toxicity, but do not improve response rates in women (e.g., 5-fluorouracil). The increased toxicity often correlates with different pharmacokinetics, but women also show a higher sensitivity to some agents with shorter half-life (e.g., steroids). Organ-specific toxicities like cardiac toxicity after doxorubicin treatment or neurotoxicity associated with ifosfamide are more severe in women due to gender-specific changes in gene expression. Novel therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies show very complex, but clinical significant differences depending on gender. Antibodies often have a longer half-life in women, which is associated with an improved response to therapy.Side effects appear to be highly dependent on different tissue properties, as women have a higher incidence of oral mucositis, but lower rates of gut toxicity. Nausea and vomiting is a greater problem in females during therapy due to the lower activity of anti-emetic drugs. Nausea and vomiting pose a bigger challenge in female patients, as anti-emetic drugs seem to be less effective. |
| Keywords: | Drug, Metabolism, Half-Life, Cytostatic Therapy, Gender |
| Source: | Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology |
| Series Name: | Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology |
| Title of Book: | Sex differences in the drug therapy for oncologic diseases |
| ISSN: | 0171-2004 |
| ISBN: | 978-3-642-30726-3 |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Volume: | 214 |
| Number: | 3 |
| Page Range: | 411-442 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| Official Publication: | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_19 |
| PubMed: | View item in PubMed |
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