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The genome sequence of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: analysis and functional significance

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Item Type:Article
Title:The genome sequence of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: analysis and functional significance
Creators Name:Atanur, S.S. and Birol, I. and Guryev, V. and Hirst, M. and Hummel, O. and Morrissey, C. and Behmoaras, J. and Fernandez-Suarez, X.M. and Johnson, M.D. and McLaren, W.M. and Patone, G. and Petretto, E. and Plessy, C. and Rockland, K.S. and Rockland, C. and Saar, K. and Zhao, Y. and Carninci, P. and Flicek, P. and Kurtz, T. and Cuppen, E. and Pravenec, M. and Huebner, N. and Jones, S.J. and Birney, E. and Aitman, T.J.
Abstract:The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely studied animal model of hypertension. Scores of SHR quantitative loci (QTLs) have been mapped for hypertension and other phenotypes. We have sequenced the SHR/OlaIpcv genome at 10.7-fold coverage by paired-end sequencing on the Illumina platform. We identified 3.6 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the SHR/OlaIpcv and Brown Norway (BN) reference genome, with a high rate of validation (sensitivity 96.3%-98.0% and specificity 99%-100%). We also identified 343,243 short indels between the SHR/OlaIpcv and reference genomes. These SNPs and indels resulted in 161 gain or loss of stop codons and 629 frameshifts compared with the BN reference sequence. We also identified 13,438 larger deletions that result in complete or partial absence of 107 genes in the SHR/OlaIpcv genome compared with the BN reference and 588 copy number variants (CNVs) that overlap with the gene regions of 688 genes. Genomic regions containing genes whose expression had been previously mapped as cis-regulated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were significantly enriched with SNPs, short indels, and larger deletions, suggesting that some of these variants have functional effects on gene expression. Genes that were affected by major alterations in their coding sequence were highly enriched for genes related to ion transport, transport, and plasma membrane localization, providing insights into the likely molecular and cellular basis of hypertension and other phenotypes specific to the SHR strain. This near complete catalog of genomic differences between two extensively studied rat strains provides the starting point for complete elucidation, at the molecular level, of the physiological and pathophysiological phenotypic differences between individuals from these strains.
Keywords:Terminator Codon, Gene Dosage, Hypertension, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genetic Transcription, Animals, Rats
Source:Genome Research
ISSN:1088-9051
Publisher:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Volume:20
Number:6
Page Range:791-803
Date:June 2010
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.103499.109
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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