Hormonal influences on cardiovascular norepinephrine transporter responses in healthy women

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Hormonal influences on cardiovascular norepinephrine transporter responses in healthy women
Creators Name:	Moldovanova, I., Schroeder, C., Jacob, G., Hiemke, C., Diedrich, A., Luft, F.C. and Jordan, J.
Abstract:	Gender differences in human cardiovascular norepinephrine transporter function may be mediated through female sex hormones. We studied 16 healthy eumenorrheic women (25+/-1 years) during the early follicular phase (day 5+/-0) and midluteal phase (day 22+/-0) of the menstrual cycle. In a randomized, crossover, double-blind fashion, subjects ingested 8 mg of the selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitor reboxetine or placebo. We monitored heart rate, blood pressure, and thoracic bioimpedance at rest and during standard autonomic function tests, including head-up tilt. Venous estradiol and progesterone concentrations were higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase but did not differ between placebo and norepinephrine transporter inhibition testing days. On placebo, hemodynamics at rest and in response to different stressors were mostly identical between cycle phases. In the supine position, norepinephrine transporter inhibition increased blood pressure and stroke volume to a greater extent during the follicular than during the luteal phase. Conversely, the increase in heart rate and cardiac output with norepinephrine transporter inhibition was augmented in the luteal compared with the follicular phase. During head-up tilt with norepinephrine transporter inhibition, blood pressure and stroke volume decreased to a greater extent in the follicular than in the luteal phase. The tachycardic response to head-up tilt with norepinephrine transporter inhibition was augmented in the follicular phase. Our study suggests that sex hormones alter the hemodynamic response to norepinephrine transporter inhibition in women. The phenomenon may be explained by an effect of female sex hormones on norepinephrine transporter function, on compensatory cardiovascular responses, or both.
Keywords:	Menstrual Cycle, Female Sex Hormones, Norepinephrine Transporter, Cardiovascular Regulation, Human, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Baroreflex, Blood Pressure, Cross-Over Studies, Estrogens, Follicular Phase, Hand Strength, Heart Rate, Homeostasis, Isometric Contraction, Luteal Phase, Morpholines, Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Progesterone, Stroke Volume, Sympathetic Nervous System, Vascular Resistance
Source:	Hypertension
ISSN:	0194-911X
Publisher:	American Heart Association
Volume:	51
Number:	4
Page Range:	1203-1209
Date:	April 2008
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107433
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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