Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration
Creators Name:	Prechtel, A.T., Turza, N.M., Kobelt, D.J., Eisemann, J.I., Coffin, R.S., McGrath, Y., Hacker, C., Ju, X.S., Zenke, M. and Steinkasserer, A.
Abstract:	Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is able to establish latency in infected individuals. In order to characterize potential new immune-escape mechanisms, mature dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with HSV-1 and total cellular RNA was isolated from infected and mock-infected populations at different time points. RNA profiling on Affymetrix Human Genome U133A arrays demonstrated a dramatic downregulation of the migration-mediating surface molecules CCR7 and CXCR4, an observation that was further confirmed by RT-PCR and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses. Furthermore, migration assays revealed that, upon infection of mature DCs, CCR7- and CXCR4-mediated migration towards the corresponding CCL19 and CXCL12 chemokine gradients was strongly reduced. It is noteworthy that the infection of immature DCs with HSV-1 prior to maturation led to a failure of CCR7 and CXCR4 upregulation during DC maturation and, as a consequence, also induced a block in their migratory capacity. Additional migration assays with a Avhs mutant virus lacking the virion host shutoff (vhs) gene, which is known to degrade cellular mRNAs, suggested a vhs-independent mechanism. These results indicate that HSV-1-infected mature DCs are limited in their capacity to migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, the areas of antigen presentation and T-cell stimulation, thus inhibiting an antiviral immune response. This represents a novel, previously unrecognized mechanism for HSV-1 to escape the human immune system.
Keywords:	Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Dendritic Cells, Down-Regulation, Herpes Simplex, Human Herpesvirus 1, Mutation, Chemokine Receptors, CXCR4 Receptors, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Messenger RNA, Time Factors, Viral Proteins
Source:	Journal of General Virology
ISSN:	0022-1317
Publisher:	Soc General Microbiology
Volume:	86
Number:	6
Page Range:	1645-1657
Date:	1 January 2005
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80852-0
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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