Optogenetics at the presynapse

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Optogenetics at the presynapse
Creators Name:	Rost, B.R., Wietek, J., Yizhar, O. and Schmitz, D.
Abstract:	Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms. Although their application in neuroscience has traditionally focused on the control of spiking activity at the somatodendritic level, the scope of optogenetic modulators for direct manipulation of presynaptic functions is growing. Presynaptically localized opsins combined with light stimulation at the terminals allow light-mediated neurotransmitter release, presynaptic inhibition, induction of synaptic plasticity and specific manipulation of individual components of the presynaptic machinery. Here, we describe presynaptic applications of optogenetic tools in the context of the unique cell biology of axonal terminals, discuss their potential shortcomings and outline future directions for this rapidly developing research area.
Keywords:	Neuronal Plasticity, Opsins, Optogenetics, Presynaptic Terminals, Synaptic Transmission
Source:	Nature Neuroscience
ISSN:	1097-6256
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
Volume:	25
Number:	8
Page Range:	984-998
Date:	August 2022
Additional Information:	Copyright © 2022, Springer Nature America, Inc.
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01113-6
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