Postprandial duration influences the association of insulin-related dietary indexes and plasma C-peptide concentrations in adult men and women

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Item Type:	Article
Title:	Postprandial duration influences the association of insulin-related dietary indexes and plasma C-peptide concentrations in adult men and women
Creators Name:	Tabung, F.K., Nimptsch, K. and Giovannucci, E.L.
Abstract:	BACKGROUND: The dietary insulin index (II) directly quantifies dietary effects on postprandial insulin secretion, whereas the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), based on fasting C-peptide concentrations, is primarily reflective of insulin resistance. How these scores are related to nonfasting C-peptide in cohort studies has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the extent to which EDIH and II scores predict plasma C-peptide concentrations, in cross-sectional analyses by postprandial duration at blood collection from 1 to ≥15 h. METHODS: Both EDIH and II scores were calculated from food-frequency questionnaire data reported by 3964 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1993-1995) and 6215 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1989-1990) who were not diabetic. We constructed 12 multivariable-adjusted linear regression models separately in men and women, by postprandial duration, to calculate relative differences and absolute values of plasma C-peptide concentrations in dietary index quintiles. RESULTS: In both men and women, C-peptide concentrations were elevated 1-2 h after eating and declined with increasing postprandial duration. In men, percent differences in C-peptide concentration in the highest compared with lowest dietary index quintile were: EDIH: 0-1 h: 50%; 2 h: 22%; 14 h: 14%; ≥15 h: 30% (all P-trend< 0.05). II: 0-1 h: 19% (P-trend = 0.09); 2 h: 3% (P-trend = 0.09); 14 h: -6% (P-trend = 0.17); ≥15 h: -15% (P-trend = 0.02). Corresponding results among women were: EDIH: 0-1 h: 29% (P-trend = 0.002); 2 h: 33% (P-trend = 0.009); 14 h: 44% (P-trend < 0.0001); ≥15 h: 40% (P-trend < 0.0001). II: 0-1 h: -12% (P-trend = 0.09); 2 h: 17% (P-trend = 0.09); 14 h: -14% (P-trend = 0.009); ≥15 h: -3% (P-trend = 0.37). CONCLUSION: The EDIH was superior to the II in predicting both fasting and nonfasting C-peptide concentrations, suggesting that the EDIH may be better in assessing dietary effects of hyperinsulinemia on disease risk in adult men and women.
Keywords:	Postprandial, Fasting, Dietary Insulin Index, Dietary Insulin Load, Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia, C-Peptide
Source:	Journal of Nutrition
ISSN:	0022-3166
Publisher:	American Society for Nutrition
Volume:	149
Number:	2
Page Range:	286-294
Date:	1 February 2019
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy239
External Fulltext:	View full text on PubMed Central
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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