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Objective assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect by B-mode ultrasound

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Item Type:Article
Title:Objective assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect by B-mode ultrasound
Creators Name:Schmidt, F.A., Connolly, F., Maas, M.B., Grittner, U., Harms, L., Brandt, A., Paul, F., Schreiber, S. and Ruprecht, K.
Abstract:PURPOSE: To evaluate B-mode ultrasound as a novel method for objective and quantitative assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a prospective case-control study. METHODS: Seventeen patients with unilateral optic neuropathy and a clinically detectable RAPD and 17 age and sex matched healthy controls were examined with B-mode ultrasound using an Esaote-Mylab25 system according to current guidelines for orbital insonation. The swinging flashlight test was performed during ultrasound assessment with a standardized light stimulus using a penlight. RESULTS: B-mode ultrasound RAPD examination was doable in approximately 5 minutes only and was well tolerated by all participants. Compared to the unaffected contralateral eyes, eyes with RAPD showed lower absolute constriction amplitude of the pupillary diameter (mean [SD] 0.8 [0.4] vs. 2.1 [0.4] mm; p = 0.009) and a longer pupillary constriction time after ipsilateral light stimulus (mean [SD] 1240 [180] vs. 710 [200] ms; p = 0.008). In eyes affected by RAPD, visual acuity correlated with the absolute constriction amplitude (r = 0.75, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: B-mode ultrasound enables fast, easy and objective quantification of a RAPD and can thus be applied in clinical practice to document a RAPD.
Keywords:Case-Control Studies, Optic Nerve Diseases, Optic Neuritis, Photic Stimulation, Pupil, Pupil Disorders, Ultrasonography, Visual Acuity
Source:PLoS ONE
ISSN:1932-6203
Publisher:Public Library of Science
Volume:13
Number:8
Page Range:e0202774
Date:27 August 2018
Official Publication:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202774
PubMed:View item in PubMed

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