Pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculitis

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Item Type:	Review
Title:	Pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculitis
Creators Name:	Heeringa, P., Schreiber, A., Falk, R. J. and Jennette, J.C.
Abstract:	Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels and can affect any type of vessel in any organ. Pulmonary vasculitis usually is a component of a systemic small vessel vasculitis. Three major forms of small vessel vasculitis that often affect the lungs are Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. These forms of vasculitis are strongly associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against enzymes contained in the primary granules of neutrophils and peroxidase-positive lysosomes of monocytes. This review discusses the evidence for a pathogenic role of ANCA. In vitro, ANCAs can activate cytokine-primed neutrophils and monocytes resulting in oxygen radical formation and release of lysosomal enzymes. In vivo, antimyeloperoxidase ANCA has been shown to induce crescentic glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. Overall, the available data suggest that ANCA are indeed a pathogenic factor in the development of small-vessel vasculitis. Antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease also causes pulmonary vasculitis through immune attack on alveolar capillaries and glomerulonephritis through antibody mediated injury to glomerular capillaries. Thus, there is evidence that antibodies are important pathogenic factors in both ANCA disease and anti-GBM disease, however, there are also indications that T cells may play important pathogenic roles in both categories of disease as well.
Keywords:	Vasculitis, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies, Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase, Proteinase 3
Source:	Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
ISSN:	1069-3424
Publisher:	Thieme
Volume:	25
Number:	5
Page Range:	465-474
Date:	October 2004
Official Publication:	https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-836140
PubMed:	View item in PubMed

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